Interference management with reflective in-band full-duplex NOMA for secure 6G wireless communication systems

The electromagnetic spectrum is used as a medium for modern wireless communication. Most of the spectrum is being utilized by the existing communication system. For technological breakthroughs and fulfilling the demands of better utilization of such natural resources, a novel Reflective In-Band Full-Duplex (R-IBFD) cooperative communication scheme is proposed in this article that involves Full-Duplex (FD) and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technologies. The proposed R-IBFD provides efficient use of spectrum with better system parameters including Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP), throughput, data rate and secrecy capacity to fulfil the requirements of a smart city for 6th Generation (6thG or 6G). The proposed system targets the requirement of new algorithms that contribute towards better change and bring the technological revolution in the requirements of 6G. In this article, the proposed R-IBFD mainly contributes towards co-channel interference and security problem. The In-Band Full-Duplex mode devices face higher co-channel interference in between their own transmission and receiving antenna. R-IBFD minimizes the effect of such interference and assists in the security of a required wireless communication system. For a better understanding of the system contribution, the improvement of secrecy capacity and interference with R-IBFD is discussed with the help of SOP derivation, equations and simulation results. A machine learning genetic algorithm is one of the optimization tools which is being used to maximize the secrecy capacity

Building a digital twin for industrial Internet of Things with interoperability

For Internet-of-Things (IoT), 6G, interconnected world, high technological demand, big data and complexity is increasing the requirement of new algorithm designs, protocols and improvement in the existing systems. The fancy IoT term has started to evolve from academics to real life implementation. Tremendous number of organizations and industries require their systems to be upgraded. Industries, however, are in high need for the technological improvement due to the amount of data collected every day. The collection of data is meaningless without being analysed. A stand-alone industry with high amount of OT devices cannot efficiently deal with the data and its analysis, which bring the need for OT/IT convergence and digital twin in industries.This paper proposes the steps to build a Digital Twin (DT) for one of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) setup. These steps include the collection of data on the site from OT devices, processing of data near site, OT/IT convergence, uploading of data to the cloud or the wireless transmission of data and inter-operability between the physical and DT. Within the processing of data, finding of implementation, some iterations for distributed and parallel computation, and the data processing method are also proposed